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Technologies
Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)
Sequencing batch reactors (SBR) are a type of activated sludge process for the treatment of wastewater. SBR reactors treat wastewater in batches. Oxygen is bubbled through the mixture of wastewater and activated sludge to reduce the organic matter (measured as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD)). The treated effluent may be suitable for discharge to surface waters or possibly for use on land.
SBR helps introduce various process flexibilities and alternatives in process controls and design so as to better achieve the latest effluent discharge standards. With its design flexibility and better process control the SBR process has been widely used not only to treat domestic wastewater, but also for biological treatment of industrial wastewater containing difficult-to-treat organic chemicals.
Improvements in equipment and technology, like aeration devices, piping design and computer control system, have made SBR an efficient solution over the conventional activated-sludge system. The system is very practical for a number of reasons:
❖ Required low area as well as man power operation
❖ With effective automated system, it will save more than 60% of the operating expenses than a conventional activated sludge process.
❖ Able to achieve high effluent quality in a very short aeration time.
❖ Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) levels of less than 5 mg/L can be achieved consistently.
❖ Minimizing sludge handling requirements downstream of SBR
Application:
• Municipal wastewater
• Effluent of anaerobic treatment process
• Hotel/resorts
• Foods and drinks industry
• Any other type of wastewater with high degradable COD fraction
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR)
The MBBR system consists of an aeration tank (similar to an activated sludge tank) with special plastic carriers that provide a surface where a biofilm can grow. The carriers are made of a material with a density close to the density of water. The carriers will be mixed in the tank by the aeration system and thus will have good contact between the substrate in the influent wastewater and the biomass on the carriers.
The MBBR system is considered a biofilm process. Biofilm processes in general require less space than activated sludge systems because the biomass is more concentrated, and the efficiency of the system is less dependent on the final sludge separation. MBBR systems don’t need a recycling of the sludge, which is the case with activated sludge systems.
The MBBR process can be used for a variety of different applications to attain the desired results, depending on the quality of the wastewater and the discharge regulations.
Benefits
❖ Low cost
❖ Compact (saves space)
❖ Maintenance-friendly
❖ Strong
❖ High volume load
❖ Simply to extend
❖ Financial savings on discharge costs
Membrane Bioreactor (MBR)
Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is the combination of a membrane process like microfiltration or ultrafiltration with a biological wastewater treatment process, the activated sludge process. MBR technology can reach treatment performance up to 99.9% removal of most pollutants.
The MBR technology provides the following advantages:
❖ High-quality effluent
❖ Higher volumetric loading rates
❖ Shorter hydraulic retention times (HRT)
❖ Longer solid retention times (SRT)
❖ Less sludge production
❖ Potential for simultaneous nitrification/denitrification in long SRTs
Reverse Osmosis
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification process that uses a partially permeable membrane to separate ions, unwanted molecules and larger particles from drinking water. In reverse osmosis, an applied pressure is used to overcome osmotic pressure, a colligative property that is driven by chemical potential differences of the solvent, a thermodynamic parameter. Reverse osmosis can remove many types of dissolved and suspended chemical species as well as biological ones (principally bacteria) from water, and is used in both industrial processes and the production of potable water.
Application
❖ Desalination of brackish water
❖ Desalination of seawater
❖ Production of ultrapure water
❖ Wastewater treatment
Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge (IFAS)
The Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) process is typically installed as a retrofit solution for conventional activated sludge systems that are at or beyond capacity.
IFAS upgrades offer an extremely cost-effective retrofit solution to municipal wastewater plant expansion, taking full advantage of existing systems, equipment, process knowledge, training, and operator skills. The technology is compatible with plug flow and complete mix configurations; IFAS hybrid processes are designed for complete compatibility with fine bubble aeration systems, providing demonstrated long-term operational cost savings.
Completely Mixed Activated Sludge (CMAS)
In CMAS, mixing of tank contents is sufficient so that ideally concentrations of mixed-liquor constituents, soluble substances (COD, BOD, NH4-N), and colloidal and suspended solids do not vary with location in aeration basin. The system is very practical for a number of reasons:
❖ Allows good nitrification since COD is uniformly low
❖ Able to handle peak loads and dilute toxic substances
❖ Used in smaller systems, like package plants
